Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is considered a leading cause of disability and pain worldwide with an economic burden on the United States (US) health system of up to $100 billion every year. Historically, most low back pain (LBP) was considered non-specific, resulting in a trial-and-error, procedure-based treatment approach and variation in treatment outcomes, frustrating providers and patients alike. In the late 1990s through mid-2000s, basic science discoveries of vertebral endplates as pain generators and the basivertebral nerve (BVN) as a pain transmission mechanism, created the need for a new diagnosis (vertebrogenic LBP) and a new treatment approach (intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation). Clinical evidence supports the application of basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) as a targeted treatment for patients presenting with vertebrogenic LBP.